This review aimed to evaluate studies on cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)
during orthodontic treatment, summarizing the regulation patterns of the most commonly …

Background: Orthodontic treatment induces a distortion of the extracellular matrix of the
periodontium, resulting in alterations in cytoskeletal configuration. Cytokines are known to …

This systematic review aimed to generate evidence on role of potent markers of
inflammation [cytokines, chemokines, their associated receptors and antagonists] following …

This controlled longitudinal intervention study investigated changes in cytokines and
biomarkers of bone and tissue metabolism within gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from …

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a light continuous force and an
interrupted force with weekly reactivation on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2 …

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the various cytokines in human
gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and to investigate the changes in their levels during …

The cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) probably play a
part in orthodontic tooth movement. Here, the force magnitudes and the area of force …

Objectives: Bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement is related to the
expression of mediators in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). No information is available …

Remodelling of the periodontium after application of mechanical forces constitutes the basis
of clinical orthodontics and various immunoregulatory molecules are involved in this …

This study aimed to determine the optimum orthodontic force from a broader perspective.
Interleukin (IL)-1β levels in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), pain intensity, and the …