Fear-induced bradycardia, a transient heartbeat deceleration following exposure to threat, is
a physiological index observable in humans, especially in fear conditioning experiments …

Fear-induced bradycardia, a transient heart rate deceleration related to a threatening event,
is a powerful technique used to assess fear conditioning in humans. During the last century …

In the last century, the paradigm of fear conditioning has greatly evolved in a variety of
scientific fields. The techniques, protocols, and analysis methods now most used have …

Understanding transient dynamics of the autonomic nervous system during fear learning
remains a critical step to translate basic research into treatment of fear‐related disorders. In …

Startle blink as well as skin conductance responses (SCR) are widely used indices of
learning processes associated with fear conditioning and extinction. During safety learning …

BACKGROUND: Anticipatory anxiety, which can be indexed by the startle potentiation to a
threat of shock, has been implicated in the development of panic disorder. Large individual …

Mood and anxiety disorders develop in some but not all individuals following exposure to
stress and psychological trauma. However, the factors underlying individual differences in …

Studies suggest that vulnerability to panic attacks and panic disorder (PD) may be related to
a deficient serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission. In the present case-control study we …

The essential role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) system in the neurobiology and
pharmacotherapy of panic disorder (PD) continues to be a topic of intensive interdisciplinary …

Anxiety-related behaviors are closely linked to neural circuits relaying fear-specific
information to the amygdala. Many of these circuits, like those underlying processing of …