For practical reasons, surveys that aim for a large number of respondents tend to restrict
themselves to closedended responses. Despite potentially bringing richer insights, open …

For practical reasons, surveys that aim for a large number of respondents tend to restrict
themselves to closed-ended responses. Despite potentially bringing richer insights, the use …

To improve the traveling experience, researchers have been analyzing the role of attitudes
in travel behavior modeling. Although most researchers use closed-ended surveys, the …

The difficulties associated with the collection and analysis of open-ended questions in
surveys (eg “Tell us your opinion about...”), have encouraged the widespread use of closed …

In recent years, researchers drawn to artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural
language processing (NLP), have explored the use of computerized textual analysis for …

Open-ended questions in survey research allow participants to respond freely using their
own words. Because such questions offer the possibility of learning how or why respondents …

Text data from open-ended questions in surveys are challenging to analyze and are often
ignored. Open-ended questions are important though because they do not constrain …

Text data from open-ended questions in surveys are difficult to analyze and are frequently
ignored. Yet open-ended questions are important because they do not constrain …

In China, low-level autonomous vehicles (L2 AVs) are already widespread, while high-level
AVs (L3 and above) are not allowed on the road. Surprisingly, crashes involving L2 AVs with …

Open-ended questions have routinely been included in large-scale survey and panel
studies, yet there is some perplexity about how to actually incorporate the answers to such …