Comparison of adopted and nonadopted individuals reveals gene–environment interplay for education in the UK Biobank

R Cheesman, A Hunjan, JRI Coleman… - Psychological …, 2020 - journals.sagepub.com
Polygenic scores now explain approximately 10% of the variation in educational attainment.
However, they capture not only genetic propensity but also information about the family …

Using DNA from mothers and children to study parental investment in children's educational attainment

J Wertz, TE Moffitt, J Agnew‐Blais… - Child …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
This study tested implications of new genetic discoveries for understanding the association
between parental investment and children's educational attainment. A novel design matched …

The nature of nurture: Using a virtual-parent design to test parenting effects on children's educational attainment in genotyped families

TC Bates, BS Maher, SE Medland… - Twin Research and …, 2018 - cambridge.org
Research on environmental and genetic pathways to complex traits such as educational
attainment (EA) is confounded by uncertainty over whether correlations reflect effects of …

Socioeconomic status and school grades: Placing their association in broader context in a sample of biological and adoptive families

W Johnson, M McGue, WG Iacono - Intelligence, 2007 - Elsevier
SES has long interested researchers investigating school achievement. Its effects are often
addressed by studying predictors of achievement in economically disadvantaged samples …

Genetic and environmental contributions to IQ in adoptive and biological families with 30-year-old offspring

EA Willoughby, M McGue, WG Iacono, JJ Lee - Intelligence, 2021 - Elsevier
While adoption studies have provided key insights into the influence of the familial
environment on IQ scores of adolescents and children, few have followed adopted offspring …

Separating measured genetic and environmental effects: Evidence linking parental genotype and adopted child outcomes

BW Domingue, J Fletcher - Behavior genetics, 2020 - Springer
There has been widespread adoption of genome wide summary scores (polygenic scores)
as tools for studying the importance of genetics and associated life course mechanisms …

Estimating effects of parents' cognitive and non-cognitive skills on offspring education using polygenic scores

PA Demange, JJ Hottenga, A Abdellaoui… - Nature …, 2022 - nature.com
Understanding how parents' cognitive and non-cognitive skills influence offspring education
is essential for educational, family and economic policy. We use genetics (GWAS-by …

Is the effect of parental education on offspring biased or moderated by genotype?

D Conley, BW Domingue, D Cesarini… - Sociological …, 2015 - sociologicalscience.com
Parental education is the strongest measured predictor of offspring education, and thus
many scholars see the parent–child correlation in educational attainment as an important …

More than nature and nurture, indirect genetic effects on children's academic achievement are consequences of dynastic social processes

MG Nivard, DW Belsky, KP Harden, T Baier… - Nature Human …, 2024 - nature.com
Abstract Families transmit genes and environments across generations. When parents'
genetics affect their children's environments, these two modes of inheritance can produce an …

The earliest origins of genetic nurture: The prenatal environment mediates the association between maternal genetics and child development

E Armstrong-Carter, S Trejo, LJB Hill… - Psychological …, 2020 - journals.sagepub.com
Observed genetic associations with educational attainment may be due to direct or indirect
genetic influences. Recent work highlights genetic nurture, the potential effect of parents' …