Most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces. Therefore, vaccination through
the mucosal route can greatly enhance the mucosal immune response. Vaccination via the …

Mucosal sites serve as the main portal for the entry of pathogens and thus immunization
through mucosal routes can greatly improve the immunity. Researchers are continuously …

Mucosal surfaces are the first site of infection for most infectious diseases and oral
vaccination can provide protection as the first line of defense. Unlike systemic …

Although polymeric nanoparticles/microparticles are well established for the mucosal
administration of conventional drugs, they have not yet been developed commercially for …

Polymer-based nanoparticles have good solubility, stability, safety, and sustained release,
which increases the absorption of loaded drugs, protects the drugs from degradation, and …

The current prevalence of infectious diseases in many developing regions of the world is a
serious burden, impacting both the general health as well as economic growth of these …

The oral vaccine has attracted much interest due to easy administration, induction of local
and systemic immune responses, and pain relief. Nowadays, functional nanoparticles and …

Nanotechnology plays a significant role in drug development. As carriers, polymeric
nanoparticles can deliver vaccine antigens, proteins, and drugs to the desired site of action …

Currently, there are over 70 licensed vaccines, which prevent the pathogenesis of around 30
viruses and bacteria. Nevertheless, there are still important challenges in this area, which …

Polymeric nano-and microparticles have recently been shown to possess significant
potential as drug delivery systems. In particular, the use of biodegradable polymeric …