Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is a new paradigm for optimization that needs to be
explored further to show its full potential. The focus of the current work is to address the most …

The emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) increasingly attracts many researchers.
A big challenging issue in the WSN is to replace the sensor nodes when they run out of …

Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have had many real-world applications; they
have thus become one of the most interesting areas of research. The network lifetime is a …

Past decades have witnessed the advancement of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in both
academic and industrial communities. Clustering is one of the most popular methods to …

In Wireless sensor networks, energy efficiency is the significant attribute to be improved.
Clustering is the major technique to enhance energy efficiency. Using this technique, sensor …

Abstract In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), sensors are deployed in a specific region to
sense the environment's physical parameters. After sensing, data is processed and sent to …

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of many individual sensors that are deployed in
the area of interest. These sensor nodes have major energy constraints as they are small …

There are several advantages of using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) compared to
wired sensor networks, such as lower cost, easier deployment, and better scalability. WSNs …

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have left an indelible mark on the lives of all by
aiding in various sectors such as agriculture, education, manufacturing, monitoring of the …

Summary Internet of Things (IoT) has got significant popularity among the researchers'
community as they have been applied in numerous application domains. Most of the IoT …