Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer networks swollen with water. Owing to their soft and
water-containing nature, hydrogels are promising materials for applications in many fields …

Hydrogels are a fascinating class of materials popular in numerous fields, including tissue
engineering, drug delivery, soft robotics, and sensors, thanks to their 3D network porous …

Hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked polymer networks, which can absorb and
retain large amount of water. Because of their tunable properties as well as their versatile …

Hydrogels are a family of bio-inspired, bio-mimetic, and bio-functional materials with
crosslinked hydrophilic networks and high water contents. The chemistry, structures, and …

Hydrogels are a class of polymeric network materials embedded in a water‐rich
environment. They are widely applied in drug delivery, actuator, and sensor. However …

In this review we highlight new developments in tough hydrogel materials in terms of their
enhanced mechanical performance and their corresponding toughening mechanisms …

Hydrogels of numerous chemical compositions have achieved high fracture toughness on
the basis of one physical principle. As a crack advances in such a hydrogel, a polymer …

Hydrogels are made tough to resist crack propagation. However, for seamless integration
into devices and machines, it necessitates robustness against cyclic loads. Central to this …

Hydrogels have become ideal materials in the nascent applications of tissue engineering,
soft robots, drug delivery, and so forth. However, compared with biological tissues, the …

Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal
bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical …