Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to constitute an international
public health emergency. Vaccination is a prospective approach to control this pandemic …

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a large mortality and morbidity burden
globally. For individuals, a strong immune response is the most effective means to block …

Since immune system and internal environment in vivo are large and complex, the
interpretation of the observed immune effect from the perspective of a single immune cell or …

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 vaccines currently in use require 2 doses to achieve optimal
protection. Currently, there is no indication as to whether individuals who have been …

Objective: Severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is characterized by a dysregulated
inflammatory response, with humoral immunity playing a central role in the disease course …

Patients with COVID-19 generally raise antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 following infection,
and the antibody level is positively correlated to the severity of disease. Whether the viral …

Background Symptoms of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) may improve following
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However few prospective data that also explore the underlying …

Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is still ongoing, vaccination
rates are rising slowly and related treatments and drugs are being developed. At the same …

Background The protective effectiveness provided by naturally acquired immunity against
SARS-CoV-2 reinfection remain controversial. Objective To systematically evaluate the …

Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel betacoronavirus
severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March …