The gene expression pattern specified by an animal regulatory sequence is generally
viewed as arising from the particular arrangement of transcription factor binding sites it …

Experimental investigations of eukaryotic enhancers suggest that multiple binding sites and
trans-acting regulatory factors are often required for wild-type enhancer function. Genetic …

Phenotypic differences between closely related species are thought to arise primarily from
changes in gene expression due to mutations in cis-regulatory sequences (enhancers) …

Key discoveries in Drosophila have shaped our understanding of cellular “enhancers.” With
a special focus on the fly, this chapter surveys properties of these adaptable cis-regulatory …

Lack of knowledge about how regulatory regions evolve in relation to their structure–function
may limit the utility of comparative sequence analysis in deciphering cis-regulatory …

Transcriptional enhancers are crucial regulators of gene expression and animal
development and the characterization of their genomic organization, spatiotemporal …

Changes in cis-regulatory sequences are proposed to underlie much of morphological
evolution. Yet, little is known about how such modifications translate into phenotypic …

Metazoan genes are embedded in a rich milieu of regulatory information that often includes
multiple enhancers possessing overlapping activities. In this study, we employ quantitative …

Developmental enhancers bind transcription factors and dictate patterns of gene expression
during development. Their molecular evolution can underlie phenotypical evolution, but the …

Background Transcriptional cis-regulatory modules (for example, enhancers) play a critical
role in regulating gene expression. While many individual regulatory elements have been …