In six experiments, subjects read narratives describing varying spatial scenes with more
than one point of view. They were probed with questions about objects located in six …

Four experiments explored readers' mental models of described scenes. Environments were
described from one of two perspectives, an internal perspective of an observer within the …

Subjects read narratives describing directions of objects around a standing or reclining
observer, who was periodically reoriented. RTs were measured to identify which object was …

Recent evidence indicates that mental representations of large (ie, navigable) spaces are
viewpoint dependent when observers are restricted to a single view. The purpose of the …

The authors investigated the metrics of spatial distance represented in situation models of
narratives. In 3 experiments, a spatial gradient of accessibility in situation models was …

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that spatial descriptions spontaneously construct
spatial mental models of the described scenes as a natural consequence of reading for …

Mental models of text are representations of what the text is about (ie, situations), rather than
representations of the text itself. Many mental model theories propose that mental models …

The present study examines whether readers of narratives focus on information relevant to
the protagonist's perspective even when this information is implied rather than explicitly …

Spatial language is widely used, both literally to describe space and figuratively to express a
broad range of ideas. This article reviews two projects studying the nature of mental …

In four experiments, subjects read route or survey descriptions of naturalistic environments
and then answered verbatim or inference questions from both perspectives and drew maps …