Cognitive reserve (CR) represents the ability to optimize performance and functioning to
cope with brain damage or disease. CR reflects the capability to adaptively and flexibly use …

Cognitive reserve (CR) is a potential mechanism to cope with brain damage. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the effect of CR on a cognitive training (CT) in a group of patients with …

Abstract Purpose of Review The aim of this review is to summarize current conceptual
models of cognitive reserve (CR) and related concepts and to discuss evidence for these …

Cognitive reserve (CR) may reduce the risk of dementia. We summarized the effect of CR on
progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in studies accounting for …

Objective: Analyze the effects of CR on cognitive performance in adults with subjective
cognitive complaints at follow-up. Method: We analyzed the factorial structure of the three …

Objectives: The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) is defined as a moderator, which allows
an individual to preserve cognition despite underlying brain pathology. There is no …

The cognitive reserve may delay impairments in the normal aging process, improving the
resilience in cognitive functioning. The main objective of this study was to investigate …

This research is an integrative review of scientific evidence differentiating between cognitive
reserve (CR) and brain maintenance concepts. Thus, we have examined how CR socio …

The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) has been proposed as a protective factor that
modifies the effect of brain pathology on cognitive performance. It has been characterized …

The associations between proxy measures of cognitive reserve (CR) and cognition vary
across studies and cognitive domains. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship …