As we age, the immune system undergoes a process of senescence accompanied by the
increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, a chronic subclinical condition named as …

Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of physiological function and tissue
homeostasis leading to increased vulnerability, degeneration, and death. Aging‐related …

Neuroinflammation is considered a chronic activation of the immune response in the central
nervous system (CNS) in response to different injuries. This brain immune activation results …

Immunity refers to the body's defense mechanism to protect itself against illness or to
produce antibodies against pathogens. Senescence is a cellular phenomenon that …

Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are characterized by
progressive neuronal death and neurological dysfunction, leading to increased disability …

It is widely accepted that the brain and the immune system continuously interact during
normal as well as pathological functioning. Human aging is commonly accompanied by low …

Neurodegeneration, the progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous
system (CNS), is the major cause of cognitive and motor dysfunction. While neuronal …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an urgent public health mandate. AD is no longer
considered a neural-centric disease; rather, a plethora of recent studies strongly implicate a …

Neuroinflammation and the tissue-resident innate immune cells, the microglia, respond and
contribute to neurodegenerative pathology. Although microglia have been the focus of work …

For decades, it has been widely believed that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides an
immune privileged environment in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking peripheral …