CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4-CTLs) have been reported to play a protective role in
several viral infections. However, little is known in humans about the biology of CD4-CTL …

We have recently defined a novel population of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)+ TCF1 (T
cell factor 1)+ virus-specific CD8 T cells that function as resource cells during chronic LCMV …

CD4 T cells that acquire cytotoxic phenotype and function have been repeatedly identified in
humans, mice, and other species in response to many diverse pathogens. Since CD4 …

Immune protection and lasting memory are accomplished through the generation of
phenotypically and functionally distinct CD8 T cell subsets. Understanding how these …

The expression of CD45RA is generally associated with naive T cells. However, a subset of
effector memory T cells re-expresses CD45RA (termed TEMRA) after antigenic stimulation …

Although CD4+ T cell" help" is crucial to sustain antiviral immunity, the mechanisms by
which CD4+ T cells regulate CD8+ T cell differentiation during chronic infection remain …

CD4+ T cells with cytotoxic activity (CD4 CTL) have been observed in various immune
responses. These cells are characterized by their ability to secrete granzyme B and perforin …

CD4 T cells with cytotoxic function were once thought to be an artifact due to long-term in
vitro cultures but have in more recent years become accepted and reported in the literature …

γδ T lymphocytes represent∼ 1% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and even
more cells in most tissues of vertebrates. Although they have important anticancer functions …

CD8 T cells play an essential role in defense against viral and bacterial infections and in
tumor immunity. Deciphering T cell loss of functionality is complicated by the conspicuous …