Different ions present in formation water (FW) and aqueous phases injected into the oil reservoirs can affect the formation and stability of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. Previous …
S Maaref, S Ayatollahi - Journal of Dispersion Science and …, 2018 - Taylor & Francis
Water-in-oil emulsion usually forms during waterflooding in some heavy oil reservoirs. The composition and salinity of the injected water critically affect the w/o emulsion droplet size …
Emulsification plays a crucial role in various areas. However, undesirable emulsions, especially water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, formed during crude oil production, transportation …
X Wang, V Alvarado - Journal of Dispersion Science and …, 2012 - Taylor & Francis
The stability and morphology of water-in-crude oil emulsions were investigated as functions of aqueous-phase salinity. First, the aqueous phase at the initial ionic strength, and then at …
The effect of salinity on water-in-oil emulsions was systematically studied using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulsed field gradient (PFG) …
In the production and transportation of crude oil, undesirable water-in-oil emulsions may form. Undesirable water-in-oil emulsions may also form in hydraulic fracking when acid is …
Abstract Potential determining ions (SO 4 2−, Mg 2+, Na, and Ca 2+) positively affect oil recovery. These ions can cause changes in the oil and water system due to their ionic radius …
The stability of water-in-Guanipa crude emulsion was studied as a function of pH and the electrolyte concentration of mono-and polyvalent metal chlorides in the initial aqueous …
The petroleum industry produces thousands of barrels of oilfield waters from the initial stage driven by primary production mechanisms to the tertiary stage. These produced waters …