The use of orthographic and phonological information in spoken word recognition was
studied in a visual world task where L1 Finnish learners of L2 French (n= 64) and L1 French …

This study investigated the time course of activation of orthographic information in spoken
word recognition with two visual world eye-tracking experiments in a task where second …

Aims and objectives: Previous research has demonstrated that literate adults activate
orthographic representations to map spoken words onto printed referents as they hear a …

This research investigated first language (L1) and second language (L2) orthographic
effects on L2 phoneme perception. Twenty-five native English learners of Russian (n= 13) …

Evidence from both alphabetic and nonalphabetic languages has suggested the role of
orthography in the processing of spoken words in individuals' native language (L1). Less …

Four eye-tracking experiments examined lexical competition in non-native spoken-word
recognition. Dutch listeners hearing English fixated longer on distractor pictures with names …

It is now commonly accepted that orthographic information influences spoken word
recognition in a variety of laboratory tasks (lexical decision, semantic categorization, gender …

Literacy changes the way the brain processes spoken language. Most psycholinguists
believe that orthographic effects on spoken language are either strategic or restricted to …

According to current models, spoken word recognition is driven by the phonological
properties of the speech signal. However, several studies have suggested that orthographic …

Orthographies encode phonological information only at the level of words (chiefly, the
information encoded concerns phonetic segments; in some cases, tonal information or …