Background Administered intramuscularly (IM), plant-derived, virus-like-particle (VLP)
vaccines based on the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein elicit both humoral and cellular …

ABSTRACT Virus-like-particle (VLP) influenza vaccines can be given intramuscularly (im) or
intranasally (in) and may have advantages over split-virion formulations in the elderly. We …

Background The elderly are at high risk from influenza, in part because immunity wanes with
age and through the accumulation of comorbidities. A novel plant-derived virus-like-particle …

Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) were produced in Sf9 insect cells by co-expressing the
matrix protein M1 and the surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase …

Improvement in the immune response to influenza virus vaccination in the elderly represents
the primary unmet need in influenza virus vaccination. We have shown that topical …

Background New influenza vaccines eliciting more effective protection are needed,
particularly for the elderly who paid a large and disproportional toll of hospitalization and …

The Spanish influenza virus pandemic of 1918 was responsible for 40 million to 50 million
deaths and is antigenically similar to the swine lineage 2009 pandemic influenza virus …

Influenza and its complications disproportionately affect the elderly, leading to high morbidity
and mortality in this ever-increasing population. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, the …

There is intense interest in the design and use of vaccine strategies against influenza to
enhance protective immune responses in the elderly. To address the need for improved …

Elderly individuals are highly susceptible to influenza virus (IAV) infection and respond
poorly to influenza vaccines. Although the generally accepted correlate of protection …