Several studies have warranted the need to explore the relationship between pedagogical
agents in the learning environment and the cognitive load on the learners, specifically, to …

According to cognitive load theorists, the incorporation of extraneous features, such as
pedagogical agents, into the learning environment can introduce extraneous cognitive load …

This paper analyzes the main points and results of a set of the previous papers in this
Special Issue from the point of view of developing characteristics of flexible—transferable …

Computer‐based learning environments become more tailored when learners can exert
control over one or more parts of the learning process. Learner control (LC) demands …

The debate on germane load versus germane resources has drawn attention from
researchers and practitioners. This work examined whether germane load should be …

Cognitive load theory states that well-designed learning material minimizes extraneous
cognitive load and optimizes germane cognitive load within the thresholds of available …

Instructional design deals with the optimization of learning processes. To achieve this, three
aspects need to be considered:(1) the learning task itself,(2) the design of the learning …

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) is an internationally well known and widespread theory, which
has been empirically confirmed in numerous studies. Kirschner, the guest editor of this …

Designers of interactive learning environments face the issue of managing the learner's
cognitive load, reducing irrelevant sources while optimizing useful sources of load. I propose …

Instructional design theories focus more and more on authentic learning tasks that are
based on complex real-life experiences as the driving force for learning. The general …