In higher eukaryotes, many genes are regulated by enhancers that are 104–106 base pairs
(bp) away from the promoter. Enhancers contain transcription-factor-binding sites (which are …

The promoters of mammalian genes are commonly regulated by multiple distal enhancers,
which physically interact within discrete chromatin domains. How such domains form and …

Physical interactions between distal regulatory elements have a key role in regulating gene
expression, but the extent to which these interactions vary between cell types and contribute …

Imaging and chromosome conformation capture studies have revealed several layers of
chromosome organization, including segregation into megabase-sized active and inactive …

Chromosome structure in mammals is thought to regulate transcription by modulating three-
dimensional interactions between enhancers and promoters, notably through CTCF …

Nuclear compartments are prominent features of 3D chromatin organization, but sequencing
depth limitations have impeded investigation at ultra fine-scale. CTCF loops are generally …

A large number of cis-regulatory sequences have been annotated in the human genome,,
but defining their target genes remains a challenge. One strategy is to identify the long …

The genome is organized via CTCF–cohesin-binding sites, which partition chromosomes
into 1–5 megabase (Mb) topologically associated domains (TADs), and further into smaller …

The human body is composed of diverse cell types with distinct functions. Although it is
known that lineage specification depends on cell-specific gene expression, which in turn is …

The three-dimensional organization of the genome supports regulated gene expression,
recombination, DNA repair, and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Chromosome …