Objectives We systemically reviewed the literature to assess how long-term testosterone
suppressing gender-affirming hormone therapy influenced lean body mass (LBM), muscular …

Context As many sports are divided in male/female categories, governing bodies have
formed regulations on the eligibility for transgender individuals to compete in these …

Objective To examine the effect of gender affirming hormones on athletic performance
among transwomen and transmen. Methods We reviewed fitness test results and medical …

Males enjoy physical performance advantages over females within competitive sport. The
sex-based segregation into male and female sporting categories does not account for …

Objective For transgender women (TW) on oestrogen therapy, the effects of prior exposure
to testosterone during puberty on their performance, mainly cardiopulmonary capacity …

Objective Gender-affirming hormonal treatment (HT) in trans people changes physical
appearance. Muscle mass and strength are important aspects of physical appearance, but …

Background Whether transgender people should be able to compete in sport in accordance
with their gender identity is a widely contested question within the literature and among sport …

Weight gain and body fat increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease. Cross‐sex hormone
therapy in transgender persons leads to changes in body weight and body composition, but …

BACKGROUND Transgender individuals receiving masculinising or feminising gender-
affirming hormone therapy with testosterone or estradiol respectively, are at increased risk of …

Objectives Gender identity disorder is defined as a strong and persistent cross-gender
identification that is associated with a remarkable uneasiness of living in an incongruent …