Since 1875, controversy has ensued over whether ocular diabetic complications are
primarily vasculopathic or neuropathic in nature. Here, we discuss the historical context by …

Abstract Purpose of Review Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness in
working-aged adults, remains clinically defined and staged by its vascular manifestations …

The complex pathology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects both vascular and neural tissue.
The characteristics of neurodegeneration are well-described in animal models but have …

In spite of the extensive research the complex pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has
not been fully elucidated. For many years it has been thought that diabetic retinopathy …

The concept of diabetic retinopathy as a microvascular disease has evolved, in that it is now
considered a more complex diabetic complication in which neurodegeneration plays a …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was earlier recognized as a vascular disease, but nowadays, it is
considered as a neurovascular disorder. Neuronal death is the primary change which leads …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common retinal diseases world-wide. It has a
complex pathology that involves the vasculature of the inner retina and breakdown of the …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has long been recognized as a microvasculopathy, but retinal
diabetic neuropathy (RDN), characterized by inner retinal neurodegeneration, also occurs in …

Purpose To review the evidence supporting diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN) as a
form of diabetic retinopathy. Method Review of literature. Results DRN is recognized to be a …

Normal vision depends on the normal function of retinal neurons, so vision loss in diabetes
must ultimately be explained in terms of altered neuronal function. However, to date …