Objectives Age-related cognitive changes can be influenced by both brain maintenance
(BM), which refers to the relative absence over time of changes in neural resources or …

Objective: This study compared the level of education and tests from multiple cognitive
domains as proxies for cognitive reserve. Method: The participants were educationally …

Background The oldest-old (aged≥ 85 years) are the fastest growing age group, with the
highest risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. This study investigated whether cognitive …

The concept of brain maintenance refers to the preservation of brain integrity in older age,
while cognitive reserve refers to the capacity to maintain cognition in the presence of …

Objectives The present study set out to investigate relations of the number of chronic
diseases (as a global indicator of individuals' multimorbidity) to cognitive status and …

Cognitive reserve is inherently a dynamic construct; however, traditional methods of
estimating reserve have focused on static proxy variables. A recently proposed psychometric …

Remembering associations between encoded items and their contextual setting is a feature
of episodic memory. Although this ability generally deteriorates with age, there is substantial …

Cognitive reserve explains why those with higher IQ, education, occupational attainment, or
participation in leisure activities evidence less severe clinical or cognitive changes in the …

Evidence suggests that individual variability in lifetime exposures influences how cognitive
performance changes with advancing age. Brain maintenance and cognitive reserve are …

Objective: Cognitive reserve is associated with a lower risk of dementia, but the extent to
which it shapes cognitive aging trajectories remains unclear. Our objective is to examine the …