A machine learning-based approach to identify unlawful practices in online terms of service: analysis, implementation and evaluation

A Guarino, N Lettieri, D Malandrino… - Neural Computing and …, 2021 - Springer
Abstract Terms of Service (ToS) are fundamental factors in the creation of physical as well as
online legally relevant relationships. They not only define mutual rights and obligations but …

CLAUDETTE: an automated detector of potentially unfair clauses in online terms of service

M Lippi, P Pałka, G Contissa, F Lagioia… - Artificial Intelligence and …, 2019 - Springer
Terms of service of on-line platforms too often contain clauses that are potentially unfair to
the consumer. We present an experimental study where machine learning is employed to …

Deep learning for detecting and explaining unfairness in consumer contracts

F Lagioia, F Ruggeri, K Drazewski… - Legal Knowledge …, 2019 - ebooks.iospress.nl
Consumer contracts often contain unfair clauses, in apparent violation of the relevant
legislation. In this paper we present a new methodology for evaluating such clauses in …

Automated detection of unfair clauses in online consumer contracts

M Lippi, P Palka, G Contissa, F Lagioia… - Legal Knowledge …, 2017 - ebooks.iospress.nl
Consumer contracts too often present clauses that are potentially unfair to the subscriber.
We present an experimental study where machine learning is employed to automatically …

AI in search of unfairness in consumer contracts: the terms of service landscape

F Lagioia, A Jabłonowska, R Liepina… - Journal of Consumer …, 2022 - Springer
This article explores the potential of artificial intelligence for identifying cases where digital
vendors fail to comply with legal obligations, an endeavour that can generate insights about …

An empirical analysis of consumer-unfriendly E-commerce terms of service agreements: Implications for customer satisfaction and business survival

A Chakraborty, R Shankar, JR Marsden - Electronic Commerce Research …, 2022 - Elsevier
E-business user agreements are seldom read but almost always accepted by users. We
present an in-depth analysis of e-user agreement issues using textual data on Terms of …

Can't Understand SLAs? Use the Smart Contract

K Upadhyay, R Dantu, Y He… - 2021 Third IEEE …, 2021 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a special kind of legal contract that binds a vendor to its
customers where the vendor commits to provide certain services in exchange for certain …

On the violation of honesty in mobile apps: Automated detection and categories

HO Obie, I Ilekura, H Du, M Shahin, J Grundy… - Proceedings of the 19th …, 2022 - dl.acm.org
Human values such as integrity, privacy, curiosity, security, and honesty are guiding
principles for what people consider important in life. Such human values may be violated by …

Incivility detection in open source code review and issue discussions

I Ferreira, A Rafiq, J Cheng - Journal of Systems and Software, 2024 - Elsevier
Given the democratic nature of open source development, code review and issue
discussions may be uncivil. Incivility, defined as features of discussion that convey an …

NLP for consumer protection: Battling illegal clauses in German terms and conditions in online shopping

D Braun, F Matthes - Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on NLP for …, 2021 - aclanthology.org
Online shopping is an ever more important part of the global consumer economy, not just in
times of a pandemic. When we place an order online as consumers, we regularly agree to …