The metaphor of a" cognitive map" has attracted wide interest since it was first proposed in
the late 1940s. Researchers from fields as diverse as psychology, geography, and urban …

Wayfinding refers to the ability to determine a route, learn it, and retrace or reverse it from
memory. Wayfinding is universal to all cultures. It is involved in a myriad of daily and longer …

1. The Psychology of Human Wayfinding We travel through the environment to reach places
that satisfy our needs and wants. Successful travel requires that we know where to go and …

Much of our day-to-day wayfinding behaviour takes place in familiar large-scale urban
environments, yet there is a dearth of studies examining how wayfinding unfolds on a …

Navigating to goal locations in a known environment (wayfinding) can be accomplished by
different strategies, notably by taking habitual, well‐learned routes (response strategy) or by …

Notes that wayfinding--how living organisms make their way from an origin to a destination
and back--is an issue in which environment and behavior are indisputably intertwined. This …

The spatial knowledge used for human navigation has traditionally been separated into
three categories: landmark, route, and survey knowledge. While behavioral research has …

An integrated representation of large-scale space, or cognitive map, colled PLAN, is
presented that attempts to address a broader spectrum of issues than has been previously …

All living creatures inscribe their activity in space. Human beings acquire knowledge of this
space by traversing it, listening to verbal descriptions, and looking at maps, atlases, and …

A functionally oriented framework for examining the cognitive abilities that are involved in
human wayfinding is suggested. The framework includes a categorical distinction among …