Sex and gender disparities in bladder cancer have long been a subject of interest to the
cancer research community, wherein men have a 4 times higher incidence rate than women …

Incidence and mortality disparities between males and females exist in many diseases
including bladder cancer, but the mechanisms remain unclear. To adequately address this …

A steadily growing body of evidence reveals that women present with more advanced BCa
and have stage-for-stage worse outcome compared with men. The underlying mechanisms …

The differences in bladder cancer outcomes between the sexes has again been highlighted.
Uncommon among cancers, bladder cancer outcomes are notably worse for women than for …

Context Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in
the incidence, etiology, and response to intravesical immunotherapy. Environmental factors …

Biological sex, being female or male, broadly influences diverse immune phenotypes,
including immune responses to diseases at mucosal surfaces. Sex hormones, sex …

Context The incidence of bladder cancer is three to four times greater in men than in women.
However, women are diagnosed with more advanced disease at presentation and have less …

Men are at a higher risk of developing bladder cancer, but women present with more
advanced disease and have more unfavourable outcomes. Although epidemiologic and …

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is more common in men but more aggressive in women. Sex-based
differences in cancer biology are commonly studied using a murine model with BLCA …

Background Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is over three times as common
in men as it is in women; however, female patients do not respond as well to …