In vitro cell culture practices are valuable techniques to understand the mechanisms behind
vital in vivo biological processes. In vitro cells have helped us to attain a deeper …

Simple Summary Insect cell lines have often been employed in pest management, where
they have been used as tools to evaluate the activity and explore the toxic mechanisms of …

Model organisms have been extensively used as accessible and convenient systems to
study key biological and biomedical questions. A model organisms is a simple, tractable …

To date an average of∼ 10 billion USD is spent per year for synthetic insecticides to control
pest insects of importance in agriculture and human health. At early screening stages for …

Experimental animal models are mostly vertebrate animals used as living simulations to
study human and animal diseases to learn host-pathogen interaction, underlying …

Foreword—Animal experimentation is an emotional topic, which arouses passionate
feelings both in animal protection groups and in the scientific community. For many years …

In this book, we attempt to bring together the important issues and considerations we believe
are needed in order to develop a workable, reliable, integrated testing strategy for the …

The cell line Sf9 derived from a pupal ovarian tissue of Spodoptera frugiperda was cultured,
subcultured (23 subculture) and cryopreserved. Morphological characterization of Sf9 cells …

In vitro cell culture approaches are an indispensable tool for mechanistic toxicology because
they provide a means to simplify complex systems. This facilitates direct manipulation of …

Insect cell lines are not well-suited to colony formation in liquid medium following low-
density cell plating. The present studies demonstrate that the time of addition of fetal bovine …