The evolution of solar activity comprises, apart from the well-known 11-year cycle, various
temporal scales ranging from months up to the secondary cycles known as mid-term …

Solar activity has a cyclic nature with the≈ 11-year Schwabe cycle dominating its variability
on the interannual timescale. However, solar cycles are significantly modulated in length …

Context. Solar cycles vary in their amplitude and shape. There are several empirical
relations between various parameters that link the cycle's shape and amplitude, foremost …

The level of solar magnetic activity, as exemplified by the number of sunspots and by
energetic events in the corona, varies on a wide range of timescales. Most prominent is the …

Manifestations of the solar magnetic activity through periodicities of about 11 and 2 years
are now clearly seen in all solar activity indices. In this paper, we add information about the …

The magnetic fields that dominate the structure of the Sun's atmosphere are controlled by
processes in the solar interior, which cannot be directly observed. Magnetic activity is found …

In addition to the well-known 11-year solar cycle, the Sun's magnetic activity also shows
significant variation on shorter time scales, eg between one and two years. We observe a …

We compare spectra of the zonal harmonics of the large-scale magnetic field of the Sun
using observation results and solar dynamo models. The main solar activity cycle as …

Aims. We aim to characterise the solar cycle progression simultaneously at different latitudes
in each solar hemisphere using solar magnetic field data provided by the Wilcox Solar …

This paper reviews recent advances and current debates in modeling the solar cycle as a
hydromagnetic dynamo process. Emphasis is placed on (relatively) simple dynamo models …