For decades, it was commonly accepted that the brain is secluded from peripheral immune
activity and is self-sufficient for its maintenance and repair. This simplistic perception was …

Contemporary studies have completely changed the view of brain immunity from envisioning
the brain as isolated and inaccessible to peripheral immune cells to an organ in close …

An interaction network exists among cells within the brain, maintaining brain homeostasis
and ensuring its functional plasticity. In addition to neurons, participating cells include …

For decades, several axioms have prevailed with respect to the relationships between the
CNS and circulating immune cells. Specifically, immune cell entry was largely considered to …

Recent advances have directed our knowledge of the immune system from a narrative of
“self” versus “nonself” to one in which immune function is critical for homeostasis of organs …

The immune system's role is much more than merely recognizing self vs. non-self and
involves maintaining homeostasis and integrity of the organism starting from early …

Circulating immune cells support hippocampal neurogenesis, spatial memory, expression of
brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and resilience to stress. Nevertheless, considering the …

The CNS is protected by the immune system, including cells that reside directly within the
CNS and help to ensure proper neural function, as well as cells that traffic into the CNS with …

For decades, it has been widely believed that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides an
immune privileged environment in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking peripheral …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of death and disability worldwide and are
influenced by many factors including age, genetics, and injuries. While these diseases are …