Background: Background of this paper has taken place in mainly heterogeneous network in
which three types of nodes are present like normal node, advance node and super node …

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-------------------In Swarm Intelligence, various techniques are being planned as far as ACO …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an infrastructure-less network that deploys many
interconnected sensors to monitor physical environmental conditions and sends data to the …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the networks which mainly focuses on the
applications and are composed of considerable sensor nodes. The use of energy in a …

Mobile object detection and tracking is an important application of wireless sensor network.
However, longevity of such application is a challenge as sensor nodes in wireless sensor …

Sensor nodes usually have limited energy supply and they are impractical to recharge. How
to balance traffic load in sensors in order to increase network lifetime is a very challenging …

Energy efficiency is a complicated process in designing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).
Effective routing is a precise solution for the energy efficiency constraint in WSN owing to the …

One of the most important issues in the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is nodes energy.
The routing protocols as well as nodes management are considered as the key elements to …

Source routing (SR) minimum cost forwarding (MCF)–SRMCF–is a reactive, energy-efficient
routing protocol proposed to improve the existent MCF methods utilized in heterogeneous …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) sense the data from the physical region and transmit the
data to the Base station (BS) or sink. It is a self-organizing network with a limited battery. Due …