When Folkman first suggested a theory about the association between angiogenesis and
tumor growth in 1971, the hypothesis of targeting angiogenesis to treat cancer was formed …

The placenta is a central structure in pregnancy and has pleiotropic functions. This organ
grows incredibly rapidly during this period, acting as a mastermind behind different fetal and …

Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular …

Aberrant neovascularization contributes to diseases such as cancer, blindness and
atherosclerosis, and is the consequence of inappropriate angiogenic signalling. Although …

Mural cells are essential components of blood vessels and are necessary for normal
development, homeostasis, and organ function. Alterations in mural cell density or the stable …

Human pathologies such as vascular malformations, hemorrhagic stroke, and edema have
been associated with defects in the organization of endothelial cell junctions. Understanding …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family members are multifunctional cytokines that elicit
their effects on cells, including endothelial and mural cells, via specific type I and type II …

Significance: Wound healing is an intricate biological process in which the skin, or any other
tissue, repairs itself after injury. Normal wound healing relies on the appropriate levels of …

Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest indicators of cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction,
and its evaluation would be of considerable importance to stratify CV risk of many diseases …

Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family play pivotal roles in
development and disease. These cytokines elicit their pleiotropic effects on cells, including …