A review of the literature demonstrates that production deficiency hypotheses are unable to
account fully for the fact that older adults perform more poorly on memory tasks than young …

This overview provides both theoretical and empirical reasons for emphasizing practice and
familiar skills as a practical strategy for enhancing cognitive functioning in old age. Our …

This paper develops a new theory of the tip of the tongue (TOT) phenomenon. Within this
interactive activation model of speech production, TOTs occur when the connections …

The phenomenon of age-related cognitive decline has long been controversial, both in
terms of mere existence, and with respect to how it is explained. Some researchers have …

A substantial research literature documents the effects of diverse item attributes, task
conditions, and participant characteristics on the ease of picture naming. The authors review …

The present research tested Tulving's (1985) ternary memory theory. Young (ages 19–32)
and older (ages 63–80) adults were given procedural, semantic, and episodic memory …

Producing a word to express a meaning requires the processes of lexical selection and
phonological encoding. We argue that lexical selection is influenced by contextual constraint …

For some time now, the study of cognitive development has been far and away the most
active discipline within developmental psychology. Although there would be much …

We administered to 80 optimally healthy subjects, 30–80 years old, the Boston Naming Test,
a test of confrontation naming. Results indicated that naming ability remains fairly stable …

Describes a theory of cognitive aging, the Transmission Deficit hypothesis, comparing it to
other theories and demonstrating its account of evidence relating aging and language …