While the influence of spatial-numerical associations in number categorization tasks has
been well established, their role in mental arithmetic is less clear. It has been hypothesized …

Processing numbers induces shifts of spatial attention in probe detection tasks, with small
numbers orienting attention to the left and large numbers to the right side of space. This has …

Spatial–numerical associations (small numbers—left/lower space and large numbers—
right/upper space) are regularly found in simple number categorization tasks. These …

Recent research on spatial number representations suggests that the number space is not
necessarily horizontally organized and might also be affected by acquired associations …

The processing of numbers has been shown to induce shifts of spatial attention in simple
probe detection tasks, with small numbers orienting attention to the left and large numbers to …

We review the evidence for the conceptual association between arithmetic and space and
quantify the effect size in meta-analyses. We focus on three effects:(a) the operational …

Mathematics requires precise inferences about abstract objects inaccessible to perception.
How is this possible? One proposal is that mathematical reasoning, while concerned with …

Abstract Number processing evokes spatial biases, both when dealing with single digits and
in more complex mental calculations. Here we investigated whether these two biases have a …

Mental arithmetic shows systematic spatial biases. The association between numbers and
space is well documented, but it is unknown whether arithmetic operation signs also have …

It has been recently proposed that adults might solve single-digit addition and subtraction
problems by rapidly moving through an ordered representation of numbers. In the present …