Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of
Gram-negative bacteria to induce production of pro-inflammatory mediators aiming at …

Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-
inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide …

The identification of the bacterial endotoxin receptors for innate immunity, most notably
TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), has sparked great interest in therapeutic manipulation of the …

The stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the
release of critical proinflammatory cytokines that are necessary to activate potent immune …

Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) belongs to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
They are highly conserved receptors that recognize conserved pathogen‐associated …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is a potent
stimulator of the mammalian innate immune system. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway …

The pathogenesis of sepsis involves complex interaction between the host and the infecting
microorganism. Bacterial recognition and signaling are essential functions of the cells of …

The interactions between sugar-containing molecules from the bacteria cell wall and pattern
recognition receptors (PRR) on the plasma membrane or cytosol of specialized host cells …

The innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide is essential for host defense against
Gram-negative bacteria. In response to bacterial infection, the TLR4/MD-2 complex that is …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is produced by Gram-negative bacteria, is a powerful
activator of innate immune responses. LPS binds to the proteins Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) …