Although the use of video examples in which an instructor demonstrates how to perform a
task has become widespread in online and blended education, specific guidelines for …

Video modeling examples are videos in which an instructor explains and/or demonstrates
how to perform a task or procedure. These examples have become increasingly prevalent in …

The instructor's on-screen presence, rather than just voice, has rapidly become a popular
feature in video lectures. Eye gaze and body orientation are core indicators of an instructor's …

Video modeling examples in which a human (-like) model shows learners how to perform a
task are increasingly used in education, as they have become very easy to create and …

Instructor behaviour is known to affect learning performance, but it is unclear which specific
instructor behaviours can optimize learning. We used eye‐tracking technology and …

The amount of online educational content is rapidly increasing, particularly in the form of
video lectures. The goal is to design video instruction to facilitate an experience that …

Research suggests that learners will likely spend a substantial amount of time looking at the
model's face when it is visible in a video-based modeling example. Consequently, in this …

This study tested the interaction effect of the instructor's eye gaze (direct gaze vs. averted
gaze) and facial expression (happy face vs. neutral face) on students' attention and learning …

Background There are still unanswered questions concerning the optimal design of
educational videos, for instance with regard to the visibility of a talking head next to the …

Research is needed to understand how to best design video lectures that foster learning. We
tested whether instructor presence is better afforded through methods that increase students' …