Background Gastric cancer treatment is complicated by the molecular heterogeneity of
human tumor cells, which limits the efficacy of standard therapy and necessitates the need …

Abstract In December 2022 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) removed the
requirement that drugs in development must undergo animal testing before clinical …

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have recently emerged as robust preclinical models;
however, their potential to predict clinical outcomes in patients has remained unclear. We …

Cancer has remained one of the biggest challenges for human health during the past few
decades despite major advances in medicine [1]. Poor prognosis of cancer is mainly caused …

Background The prognosis of patients with different gastrointestinal cancers varies widely.
Despite advances in treatment strategies, such as extensive resections and the addition of …

Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer. The intra‐and interpatient
heterogeneity induced a considerable variation in treatment efficacy. There is an urgent …

Cancer organoids, a three‐dimensional (3D) culture system of cancer cells derived from
tumor tissues, recapitulate physiological structure of the parental tumor. Different tumor …

Organoids are in vitro self-assembling, organ-like, three-dimensional cellular structures that
stably retain key characteristics of the respective organs. Organoids can be generated from …

Background Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro models of human disease developed
from benign and malignant gastrointestinal tissues with tremendous potential for …

Cancer therapy is on the brink of a significant transformation with the inclusion of patient-
derived organoids (PDOs) in drug development. These three-dimensional cell cultures …