Over the past decade, the development of three-dimensional (3D) models has increased
exponentially, facilitating the unravelling of fundamental and essential cellular mechanisms …

While mouse models and two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems have dominated as
research tools for cancer biology, three-dimensional (3D) cultures have gained traction as a …

Although historically, the traditional bidimensional in vitro cell system has been widely used
in research, providing much fundamental information regarding cellular functions and …

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, in which cells grow in flat layers on plastic
surfaces, are considered the standard model for use in drug screening and for biological …

The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

Cancer cell lines have contributed immensely in understanding the complex physiology of
cancers. They are excellent material for studies as they offer homogenous samples without …

While two-dimensional (2D) cell models and animal models have played central roles in
advancing knowledge and understanding of cell biology, neither can accurately recapitulate …

For many decades, fundamental cancer research has relied on two-dimensional in vitro cell
culture models. However, these provide a poor representation of the complex three …

Traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures have long been the gold standard
for cancer biology research. However, their ability to accurately reflect the molecular …

Life science research focuses on deciphering the biochemical mechanisms that regulate cell
proliferation and function and largely depends on the use of tissue culture methods in which …