Recent evidence suggests that blindness enables visual circuits to contribute to language
processing. We examined whether this dramatic functional plasticity has a sensitive period …

Neurophysiological recordings and neuroimaging data in blind and deaf animals and
humans suggest that perceptual functions may be organized differently after sensory …

Congenital blindness modifies the neural basis of language:“visual” cortices respond to
linguistic information, and fronto-temporal language networks are less left-lateralized. We …

Human cortex is comprised of specialized networks that support functions, such as visual
motion perception and language processing. How do genes and experience contribute to …

Plasticity in the visual cortex of blind individuals provides a rare window into the
mechanisms of cortical specialization. In the absence of visual input, occipital (“visual”) brain …

Brain imaging studies describe visual cortex activity in blind people during nonvisual tasks
such as Braille reading, hearing words, or sensory discriminations of tactile or auditory …

Humans are thought to have evolved brain regions in the left frontal and temporal cortex that
are uniquely capable of language processing. However, congenitally blind individuals also …

The visual cortex may be more modifiable than previously considered. Using functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in ten congenitally blind human participants, we found …

Recent neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies indicate that the
occipital cortex of congenitally blind humans is functionally relevant for nonvisual tasks …

Previous neuroimaging studies of language processing in blind individuals described
cortical activation of primary (V1) and higher tier visual areas, irrespective of the age of …