The aged adaptive immune system is characterized by progressive dysfunction as well as
increased autoimmunity. This decline is responsible for elevated susceptibility to infection …

Aging is a multifaceted and complicated process, manifested by a decline of normal
physiological functions across tissues and organs, leading to overt frailty, mortality, and …

The immune system is a tightly regulated network which allows the development of defense
mechanisms against foreign antigens and tolerance toward self-antigens. Regulatory T cells …

There is a dramatic remodeling of the T cell compartment during aging. The most notorious
changes are the reduction of the naive T cell pool and the accumulation of memory-like T …

Germinal centers (GCs), transient structures within B cell follicles and central to affinity
maturation, require the coordinated behavior of T and B cells. IL-21, a pleiotropic T cell …

With aging, there is increased dysfunction of both innate and adaptive immune responses,
which contributes to impaired immune responses to pathogens and greater mortality and …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious renal dysfunction syndromes, which predominantly
correlates with the excess production of endogenous reactive oxygen/nitrogen species …

Macrophages are the most abundant and one of the most critical cells of tumor immunity.
They provide a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity through releasing cytokines …

Vaccines are a highly effective intervention for conferring protection against infections and
reducing the associated morbidity and mortality in vaccinated individuals. However, ageing …

Aging is associated with a low-grade, systemic inflammatory state defined as
“inflammaging”, ruled by the loss of proper regulation of the immune system leading to the …