Our understanding of depression and its treatment has advanced with the advent of
ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant and the development and refinement of tools …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness characterized by neuroanatomical
and functional alterations in limbic structures, notably the prefrontal cortex (PFC), that can be …

A single subanesthetic dose of ketamine, an NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, produces
rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in depressed patients, addressing a major …

Technological advances over the last decade are changing the face of behavioral
neuroscience research. Here we review recent work on the use of one such transformative …

Background Depression is the most common mental illness. Mounting evidence suggests
that dysregulation of extracellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is involved in the …

Chronic stress-induced emotional disorders like anxiety and depression involve imbalances
between the excitatory glutamatergic system and the inhibitory GABAergic system in the …

Impaired function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) contributes to depression, and the
therapeutic response produced by novel rapid-acting antidepressants such as ketamine are …

Among the neuromodulators that regulate prefrontal cortical circuit function, the
catecholamine transmitters norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) stand out as powerful …

In schizophrenia, brain-wide alterations have been identified at the molecular and cellular
levels, yet how these phenomena affect cortical circuit activity remains unclear. We studied …

Both the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) have been implicated
in maladaptive anxiety characteristics of anxiety disorders. However, the underlying circuit …