Small data are often used in scientific and engineering research due to the presence of
various constraints, such as time, cost, ethics, privacy, security, and technical limitations in …

Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Clinical immunotherapy of solid tumors elicits durable responses only in a minority of
patients, largely due to the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Wound healing is a long‐term, multistage biological process that includes hemostasis,
inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling and requires intelligent designs to provide …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that possess diverse applications in
therapeutics, immunization, and diagnostics. With the recent advancements in biomedical …

The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer
treatment, while low response rates and systemic toxicity limit its clinical outcomes. With the …

Cancer vaccine, which can promote tumor-specific immunostimulation, is one of the most
important immunotherapeutic strategies and holds tremendous potential for cancer …

Lipid‐based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are currently the most promising vehicles for nucleic
acid drug (NAD) delivery. Although their clinical applications have achieved success, the …

The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and
necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric …

The immune system is one of the most important, complex biological networks regulating
and protecting human health. Its precise modulation can prevent deadly infections and fight …