Human beings differ in their socioeconomic status (SES), with accompanying differences in
physical and mental health as well as cognitive ability. Although SES has long been used as …

This paper describes a scoping review of 42 studies of neighborhood effects on
developmental health for children ages 0–6, published between 2009 and 2014. It focuses …

Early childhood poverty is a risk factor for lower school achievement, reduced earnings, and
poorer health, and has been associated with differences in brain structure and function …

Children's early language exposure impacts their later linguistic skills, cognitive abilities,
and academic achievement, and large disparities in language exposure are associated with …

Importance Children living in poverty generally perform poorly in school, with markedly
lower standardized test scores and lower educational attainment. The longer children live in …

Children from low-income backgrounds consistently perform below their more advantaged
peers on standardized measures of language ability, setting long-term trajectories that …

In the United States, does growing up in a poor household cause negative developmental
outcomes for children? Hundreds of studies have documented statistical associations …

Young children's language experiences and language outcomes are highly variable.
Research in recent decades has focused on understanding the extent to which family …

Socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to functioning across a variety of
neurocognitive domains including language, memory, executive functioning, and social …

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a pervasive predictor of child development; parenting is a
large part of the reason why. This chapter deals with a historical introduction to research on …