Adjuvants are vaccine components that enhance the magnitude, breadth and durability of
the immune response. Following its introduction in the 1920s, alum remained the only …

Due to the high prevalence and long incubation periods often without symptoms, the severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of individuals …

Vaccines are the key technology to combat existing and emerging infectious diseases.
However, increasing the potency, quality and durability of the vaccine response remains a …

Allergen immunotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of allergic children. The clinical
efficiency relies on a well‐defined immunologic mechanism promoting regulatory T cells and …

Despite the success of vaccination to greatly mitigate or eliminate threat of diseases caused
by pathogens, there are still known diseases and emerging pathogens for which the …

Adaptive immunity is mediated by T‐and B‐cells, which are immune cells capable of
developing pathogen‐specific memory that confers immunological protection. Memory and …

Fish immunization has been carried out for over 50 years and is generally accepted as an
effective method for preventing a wide range of bacterial and viral diseases. Vaccination …

The unprecedented increase of life expectancy challenges society to protect the elderly from
morbidity and mortality making vaccination a crucial mean to safeguard this population …

Globally, aquaculture has faced serious economic problems due to bacterial, viral, and
various other infectious diseases of different origins. Even though such diseases are being …

Vaccines are considered to be one of the greatest public health achievements of the last
century. Depending on the biology of the infection, the disease to be prevented, and the …