Development of the animal body plan is controlled by large gene regulatory networks
(GRNs), and hence evolution of body plans must depend upon change in the architecture of …

The expression of Myod is sufficient to convert a fibroblast to a skeletal muscle cell, and, as
such, is a model system in developmental biology for studying how a single initiating event …

Gene regulatory networks are the most complex, extensive control systems found in nature.
The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in …

Life and death fate decisions allow cells to avoid massive apoptotic death in response to
genotoxic stress. Although the regulatory mechanisms and signalling pathways controlling …

The pituitary gland is a central endocrine organ regulating basic physiological functions,
including growth, the stress response, reproduction, metabolic homeostasis, and lactation …

The Wnt and Notch signalling pathways represent two major channels of communication
used by animal cells to control their identities and behaviour during development. A number …

The human pathogen Candida albicans can assume either of two distinct cell types,
designated “white” and “opaque.” Each cell type is maintained for many generations; …

Among the millions of invertebrate species with visual systems, the genetic basis of eye
development and function is well understood only in Drosophila melanogaster. We describe …

Cranial placodes (which include the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, otic, lateral line,
profundal/trigeminal, and epibranchial placodes) give rise to many sense organs and …

It is recognized that cell metabolism is tightly connected to other cellular processes such as
regulation of gene expression. Metabolic pathways not only provide the precursor molecules …