Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the factors responsible for its
progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size of 100 nm …

Driver mutations promote initiation and progression of cancer. Pharmacological treatment
can inhibit the action of the mutant protein; however, drug resistance almost invariably …

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells, either intrinsic or acquired through various
mechanisms, significantly hinders the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Typically, the reduced …

Every sixth person in the world dies due to cancer, making it the second leading severe
cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. According to WHO, cancer claimed nearly 10 …

Despite enormous progress in the treatment of many malignancies, the development of
cancer resistance is still an important reason for cancer chemotherapy failure. Increasing …

Tumor drug resistance emerges from the interaction of two critical factors: tumor cellular
heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an RNA-based adaptive immune system in bacteria and
archaea. Various studies have shown that it is possible to target a wide range of human …

The acquisition of cancer cell resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics is considered
the major driver of treatment failure and disease recurrence in most solid and hematological …

Intra-tumor heterogeneity is now arguably one of the most-studied topics in tumor biology, as
it represents a major obstacle to effective cancer treatment. Since tumor cells are highly …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to high heterogeneity. Although
chemotherapy remains the mainstay of cancer therapy, non-selective toxicity and drug …