Clinical and laboratory studies over recent decades have established branched evolution as
a feature of cancer. However, while grounded in somatic selection, several lines of evidence …

Advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis have translated
into knowledge-based therapies directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets …

Alterations in DNAs could not reveal what happened in proteins. The accumulated
alterations of DNAs would change the manifestation of proteins. Therefore, as is the case in …

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase regulating cell growth, survival,
metabolism, and immunity. mTOR is usually assembled into several complexes such as …

Background Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is
strongly associated with favorable outcome. We examined the utility of serial circulating …

The number of druggable tumor-specific molecular aberrations has grown substantially in
the past decade, with a significant survival benefit obtained from biomarker matching …

The rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, including
advances in sequencing chemistry, sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and data …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid membrane vesicles that are secreted from almost
all kinds of cells into the extracellular space. EVs are widely accepted to be involved in …

The role of conventional serum tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) in
assisting diagnosis, monitoring dynamic progression, and evaluating the prognosis of …

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, partly owing to late detection which
entails limited and often ineffective therapeutic options. Most cancers lack validated …