Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-
communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes …

As a significant non-communicable disease, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of
death for both men and women, comprises almost twenty percent of deaths in most racial …

Disorders of metabolism affect multiple systems throughout the body, but may have the
greatest impact on both central and peripheral nervous systems. Current available …

Iron metabolism in the body is a critical process for sustaining life as well as determining cell
fate [1-4]. As an essential element, iron in the ferrous state (Fe2+) is an electron donor but in …

Almost three million individuals suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the world, a
demyelinating disease in the nervous system with increased prevalence over the last five …

Microglia account for approximately fifteen percent of the cell population in the brain and
spinal cord. These cells, considered to be family members of glial cells, have an active role …

Mitochondria are critical organelles in cells. Mitochondria are found in animal, fungi, and
plant cells and use aerobe respiration to provide energy to the cell through the generation of …

Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals
throughout the world and are insidious in onset, chronic in nature, and yield significant …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 50
million elderly individuals worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of AD is not fully …

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie (COVID-19:„coronavirus disease
2019 “) zeigten sich zahlreiche bidirektionale Einflüsse der Infektionskrankheit auf nicht …