The number of old people is rising worldwide, and advancing age is a major risk factor for
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this …

The age-related dysregulation and decline of the immune system—collectively termed
“immunosenescence”—has been generally associated with an increased susceptibility to …

Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured
exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including …

Background Seasonal influenza remains a substantial public health threat despite the
availability of egg-derived and other vaccines. Plant-based manufacturing might address …

The unprecedented increase of life expectancy challenges society to protect the elderly from
morbidity and mortality making vaccination a crucial mean to safeguard this population …

Spirulina is a species of filamentous cyanobacteria that has long been used as a food
supplement. In particular, Spirulina platensis and Spirulina maxima are the most important …

As is apparent from the many contributions to this Special Issue of the Journal, the impact of
age on immunity is nefarious, with all manner of dysregulated responses attributed to …

Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The
outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is …

The aging process is driven by a finite number of inter‐related mechanisms that ultimately
lead to the emergence of characteristic phenotypes, including increased susceptibility to …

Inflammation plays an essential role in the control of pathogens and in shaping the ensuing
adaptive immune responses. Traditionally, innate immunity has been described as a rapid …