Symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract promote health by decreasing
susceptibility to infection and enhancing resistance to a range of diseases. In this Review …

Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional
communication between the gut and the brain suggesting that the gut microbes may shape …

Hosting millions of microorganisms, the digestive tract is the primary and most important part
of bacterial colonization. On one side, in cases of opportunistic invasion, the abundant …

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, phenotypically comprising a spectrum of inflammatory
bowel diseases (IBDs), spread globally during the westernization of lifestyle and dietary …

The human gut microbiota has gained interest as an environmental factor that may
contribute to health or disease. The development of next-generation probiotics is a …

Given the worldwide epidemic of diet-related chronic diseases, evidence-based dietary
recommendations are fundamentally important for health promotion. Despite the importance …

Obesity is caused by a long-term difference between energy intake and expenditure—an
imbalance that is seemingly easily restored by increasing exercise and reducing caloric …

The gut microbiota is a central regulator of host metabolism. The composition and function of
the gut microbiota is dynamic and affected by diet properties such as the amount and …

The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically
increased in parallel with the epidemic of obesity. Controversy has emerged around dietary …

The consumption of Western-type calorically rich diets combined with chronic overnutrition
and a sedentary lifestyle in Western societies evokes a state of chronic metabolic …