Background After almost 2 years of fighting against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the number of
patients enduring persistent symptoms long after acute infection is a matter of concern. This …

COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with many challenges that are now extending to its
intriguing long-term sequel.'Long-COVID-19ʹ is a term given to the lingering or protracted …

Background Individuals admitted to hospital for COVID-19 might have persisting symptoms
(so-called long COVID) and delayed complications after discharge. However, little is known …

The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which is responsible for COVID-19 disease, was first
reported in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. The virus rapidly spread, and the World …

Objectives “Long COVID”, a term coined by COVID-19 survivors, describes persistent or new
symptoms in a subset of patients who have recovered from acute illness. Globally, the …

Balanced immune regulation is crucial for recognizing an invading pathogen, its killing, and
elimination. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the key regulators of the innate immune system. It …

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise different fibrotic lung disorders characterized by
cellular proliferation, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. The JAK/STAT molecular pathway …

Though the acute effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been extensively reported, the long-
term effects are less well described. Specifically, while clinicians endure to battle COVID-19 …

Long‐term sequelae conditions of COVID‐19 at least 2‐year following SARS‐CoV‐2
infection are unclear and little is known about their prevalence, longitudinal trajectory, and …

Macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses of organ
systems, including the lungs, to particles and pathogens. Cumulative results show that …