Humans have the capacity, but perhaps not always the willingness, for great intelligence.
From global warming to the spread of misinformation and beyond, our species is facing …

We design a battery of semantic illusions and cognitive reflection tests, aimed to elicit
intuitive yet erroneous responses. We administer these tasks, traditionally used to study …

What do cows drink? The correct answer is water, but many are tempted to say milk. The
disposition to override an intuitive response (milk) with a more analytic response (water) is …

Over the course of training, physicians develop significant knowledge and expertise. We
review dual-process theory, the dominant theory in explaining medical decision making …

Actively open-minded thinking (AOT) is measured by items that tap the willingness to
consider alternative opinions, sensitivity to evidence contradictory to current beliefs, the …

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining AI systems with
human communication and everyday life. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate …

Initially, dual-process theories suggested that the existence of two different cognitive
systems explained why many participants do not find the correct answer in many reasoning …

Why is disbelief in anthropogenic climate change common despite broad scientific
consensus to the contrary? A widely held explanation involves politically motivated (system …

Rational thinking describes the ability to suppress heuristic thinking processes and to
override them with systematic ones. In view of the high degree of required self-organization …

Background Recent debiasing studies have shown that a short explanation about the correct
solution to a reasoning problem can often improve performance of initially biased reasoners …