[HTML][HTML] Role of SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein-induced activation of microglia and mast cells in the pathogenesis of neuro-COVID

TC Theoharides, D Kempuraj - Cells, 2023 - mdpi.com
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). About 45% of COVID-19 patients experience several symptoms a …

Mast cells in the autonomic nervous system and potential role in disorders with dysautonomia and neuroinflammation

TC Theoharides, A Twahir, D Kempuraj - Annals of Allergy, Asthma & …, 2023 - Elsevier
Mast cells (MC) are ubiquitous in the body and are critical for allergic diseases, but also in
immunity and inflammation, as well as potential involvement in the pathophysiology of …

[HTML][HTML] Matrix metalloproteinase/Fas ligand (MMP/FasL) interaction dynamics in COVID-19: An in silico study and neuroimmune perspective

K Saleki, C Aram, P Alijanizadeh, MH Khanmirzaei… - Heliyon, 2024 - cell.com
Background The initiator of cytokine storm in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still
unknown. We recently suggested a complex interaction of matrix metalloproteinases …

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain promotes IL-6 and IL-8 release via ATP/P2Y2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in human bronchial epithelia

RG Zhang, XJ Liu, YL Guo, CL Chen - Molecular Immunology, 2024 - Elsevier
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its receptor binding domain (RBD) has been
demonstrated to be capable of activating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in …

Mechanisms by Which SARS-CoV-2 Invades and Damages the Central Nervous System: Apart from the Immune Response and Inflammatory Storm, What Else Do We …

Z Sun, C Shi, L Jin - Viruses, 2024 - mdpi.com
Initially reported as pneumonia of unknown origin, COVID-19 is increasingly being
recognized for its impact on the nervous system, despite nervous system invasions being …

Ochratoxin A stimulates release of IL-1β, IL–18 and CXCL8 from cultured human microglia

I Tsilioni, TC Theoharides - Toxicology, 2024 - Elsevier
Exposure to mycotoxins has been associated with the development of neuropsychiatric
symptoms and Ochratoxin A (OTA) has emerged as one of the main mycotoxins associated …

[HTML][HTML] The S1 subunits of SARS-CoV-2 variants differentially trigger the IL-6 signaling pathway in human brain endothelial cells and downstream impact on microglia …

M Stangis, D Adesse, B Sharma, E Castro… - Neuroimmune …, 2024 - degruyter.com
Objectives Cerebrovascular complications are prevalent in COVID-19 infection and post-
COVID conditions; therefore, interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with cerebral microvascular cells …

Increased Serum MMP-9 in Long-COVID May Reflect Activation of Microglia by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

D Kempuraj, I Tsilioni, KK Aenlle, NG Klimas… - 2024 - researchsquare.com
Long-COVID is a major health concern because many patients develop chronic
neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the precise pathogenesis is unknown. Matrix …

[HTML][HTML] CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH THE ΑLPHA2A-ADRENOCEPTOR AGONIST, GUANFACINE, AND N-ACETYLCYSTEINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF …

A Fesharaki-Zadeh - events.cancer.gov
Long-COVID is frequently associated with debilitating cognitive deficits, colloquially referred
to as “brain fog”. Characterization of these symptoms has revealed a consistent impairment …